For SVMR, we also used, alternatively, Generalized single variable Summary-data based MR (GSMR) to identify and remove instruments with heterogeneous causal estimates suspected to be invalid instruments with apparent pleiotropic effects on both exposure and outcome disease (using the recommended default HEIDI (heterogeneity in dependent instruments) -outlier threshold (0.01) to retain sufficient power to detect heterogeneity) 91
According to many peer-reviewed studies, cigars are considered to be addictive
In recent years, many people have turned to vaping or e-cigarettes as an alternative to traditional cigarettes
Then after coming to China, Im often still outside at night. (P2) Family concealment All three participants engaged in some form of concealment regarding their tobacco/e-cigarette use with families, enabled by geographical distance and digital communication patterns
Drinking too much water before a drug test can make your urine less concentrated, which can lead to an invalid result
