Studies using NRT have confirmed that nicotine itself increases sympathetic nerve activity and elevates heart rate and blood pressure, effects that persist even during physiological stress like hypoxia (24)
Traditional pharmaceutical sleep products (hypnotics) have focused on depressing the central nervous system directly, but these medications have limitations due to adverse effects such as hangover, amnesia, abuse liability and dependence
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Further, among adults who formerly and currently smoked, there was no marginal independent association between EC use and respiratory outcomes over and above smoking status, which is consistent with Sargent et al.s conclusion [14] that cigarette smoking largely explains onset of respiratory symptoms, with no additional risk introduced by ECs
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