In fact, the highest quality evidence, through one longitudinal study 95 and three cross-sectional studies 47,52 , indicates that EC use is a complementary form of nicotine consumption to conventional cigarettes, with dual use of both modalities observed
Both the smoker and those around them inhale these fumes directly, leading to higher blood lead levels
among many others
A two-page infographic from the The flavors in e-cigs "attract teens to the products and their varying levels of nicotine can lead to teens' addiction, which can cause lasting damage to adolescent brain development," the release noted
Badgaiyan, Case Western Reserve University, United States Reviewed by Valentine Budambula, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya Fei He, Fujian Medical University, China Updates Copyright 2025 Oo, Tint, Panza, Pongpanich, Viwattanakulvanid, Bodhisane, Rerkasem and Rerkasem