The technical term for this illness is Bronchiolitis obliterans

Tools and equipment Product testing Smoking machines and ENDS aerosol generators Gas Chromatography (GC) Quantitative Time of Flight (QTOF) Mass Spectroscopy (MS) Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (NPD) pH and density meters Ventilation and pressure drop testers Paper porosity testers Tobacco moisture analyzer Tobacco conditioner Human studies Biomarker analysis Mobile laboratory Negative pressure exposure rooms Spirometer Airway inflammation monitor Smokerlyzer Vital sign monitors CO monitors Puffing topography monitors In vitro toxicity Air liquid interface system 96-well plate reader 200-1000nm 96-well plate washer Live cell and compound microscopes Cell counter Repository of oral and pulmonary cell lines Environmental monitoring Personal aerosol monitors (total inhalable fraction, respirable fraction or PM2.5 and PM10) Particle counters Indoor air quality monitors Sorbent tube sampling pumps Personal environmental monitors Primary flow calibrators Micro balances Services and fees NicoTAR services can be provided by facility personnel: Assistance in the selection, design and execution of NicoTAR experiments Assistance in processing and interpreting NicoTAR data Training and instruction for all users NicoTAR provides comprehensive testing of all tobacco products including: Electronic cigarettes (e-liquids and aerosol) Combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, shisha, mainstream, sidestream and secondhand smoke etc.) Heat-not-Burn (HnB) products (tobacco plug and emissions) Smokeless tobacco products (chewing, snus, snuff etc.) Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) products (patches, gums, lozenges, etc.) Oral Nicotine Products (ONP), (pouches, lozenges etc) Synthetic nicotine products (e-liquids, ONP etc.) Product testing Nicotine Type (Freebase vs Salt) and Quantification Solvent Identification and Quantification Flavoring Identification and Quantification Tobacco Specific Nitrosamine (TSNA) Quantification THC and CBD Potency in Cannabis Products Heavy Metal Quantification pH and Density Testing Heavy Metal Testing Tobacco Moisture Cigarette Ventilation and Pressure Drop Cigarette Paper Porosity Human studies Nicotine, Cotinine and 3OH-Cotinine Quantification (Urine, Plasma, Serum, Saliva, biomarkers of nicotine exposure) NNAL Quantification (Urine, biomarker of tobacco exposure) THC/THCA and CBD/CBDA Quantification (biomarker of cannabis use) Randomized Clinical Trials (product switching, smoking cessation) Smoking/Vaping Sessions in Controlled Environment Carbon Monoxide Quantification (exhaled breath, verification of smoking status) In vitro toxicity Cytokine and Chemokine Quantification Cell Cytotoxicity Testing Environmental monitoring Markers of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Particulate Measurements (Total Inhalable, Respirable or PM2.5 and PM10) Quantification of Smoke/Aerosol in Air (Secondhand Smoke) Quantification of Deposited Nicotine (Thirdhand Smoke) Hourly charge rates for service and usage Please contact Maciej Goniewicz, PhD, at [email protected] for detailed charge rates

The amount of nicotine and other substances in these products can vary widelytheyre not as standardized or regulated like other drugs are in the U.S
For example, nicotine stimulation can promote cell growth and survival by activating nAChRs via PI3K-Akt [89] and reducing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in astrocytes [48]
For clinicians, the absence of supportive regulatory environments for safer nicotine products limits their ability to offer practical harm reduction advice tailored to individual needs, particularly for patients who are unable or unwilling to quit nicotine entirely