In addition to lungs, nicotine has profound systemic effects on many organs such as kidneys, heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, mediated through damage to epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells [84]
Options like nicotine patches, gum, or prescription medications help reduce cravings and ease withdrawal
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Renal failure and heart failure
doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00346-w Summary Keywords tobacco use disorder, dual disorders, biological treatments, electronic cigarettes, harm reduction Citation Szerman N, Parro C, Vega P, Basurte-Villamor I and Ruiz-Veguilla M (2024) Tobacco use disorder in patients with other mental disorders: a dual disorder perspective from clinical neuroscience