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As an example, physicians may be more likely to workup or diagnose COPD in a symptomatic individual who smokes compared to a never cigarette smoker, a population that is under-diagnosed with COPD [43] despite estimates that up to 25% of US individuals with COPD have never smoked [44]

Arnaud et al

Ceux qui luttent pour une diminution rapide du tabagisme en France, l'origine de 60.000 dcs annuels, militent pour une hausse drastique du prix du tabac, une dmarche que les politiques ont encore du mal adopter

Introducing vapour into this environment can undermine these systems, potentially leading to decreased air quality

Overall, while smoking can influence vaccination rates and immune responses in COPD patients, promoting smoking cessation and encouraging vaccination is important as part of comprehensive management strategies for COPD