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Herbicides Insecticides Chemical Weapons of Terrorism Chlorine gas Ammonia Sulfur dioxide Cyanide Nerve gases Pesticides insecticides Phosgene Mustard gas BZ 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) Arsine Psychoactive drugs Synthetic opioids like fentanyl, carfentanil Novichok Nerve Gases Extremely toxic synthetic organophosphate compounds Nerve gases have been used in warfare and terror attacks but are prohibited under international conventions Used as chemical weapons due to their extreme potency as nerve agents Liquids that are dispersed as aerosols Work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase Cause the accumulation of acetylcholine with both peripheral and central effects Most nerve gases are colorless with little to no odor Estimated LC t 50 by Inhalation 400 mg-min/m for Tabun 100 mg-min/m for Sarin 50 mg-min/m for Soman 10 mg-min/m for VX Percutaneous LD 50 1000 mg for Tabun 1700 mg for Sarin 350 mg for Soman 6-10 mg for VX Symptoms of Nerve Gas Poisoning Cholinergic overstimulation Muscle twitching Sweating Diarrhea Vomiting Miosis (constricted pupils) Increased tearing Runny nose, mucus, increased salivation Shortness of breath Bronchospasm, mucus in the airways Pulmonary edema Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse Tabun (G-A) Toxic via inhalation Easy to produce Synthesized as a chemical weapon in 1936 Estimated LC t 50 by inhalation: 400 mg-min/m Percutaneous LD 50 : 1000 mg Sarin (G-B) Toxic via inhalation Easy to produce Volatile Synthesized as a chemical weapon in 1938 Estimated LC t 50 by inhalation: 100 mg-min/m Percutaneous LD 50 : 1700 mg Soman (G-D) Toxic via inhalation and skin contact Fast-acting Synthesized as a chemical weapon in 1944 Estimated LC t 50 by inhalation: 50 mg-min/m Percutaneous LD 50 : 350 mg VX Toxic via inhalation and skin contact Challenging to produce Extremely toxic

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A continual smokers cough can be an early sign of disease, infection, or cancer