MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK through direct mitochondrial signaling and nuclear translocation under metabolic stress, whereas metformin activates AMPK indirectly by inhibiting Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and AICAR mimics AMP to trick the cell into AMPK activation
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It is frequently stacked with other peptides under investigation for healthy aging, such as Thymosin Beta-4 (for immune and tissue repair) or GHK-Cu (for systemic inflammation)
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DNA recognition Next, the DNA binding properties of the Cu 3 -TC complexes were investigated using 1) a competition assay with the DNA intercalating fluorophore ethidium bromide (EtBr), and 2) quenching experiments using limited bound fluorophores Hoechst-34580 (Hoechst) and methyl green (MG) 20 , which bind in the minor and major grooves of DNA, respectively (Fig
