Additional strengths of this study include the use of popular US cigarette brands for comparison to the AS brand and measurement of both exposure and effect biomarkers In conclusion, although levels of total NNAL and NNN, and biomarkers of acrylonitrile and acrolein were reduced in AS smokers, it is not known whether these reductions contribute to reduced harm compared to other cigarette brands, particularly given that levels of crotonaldehyde, propylene oxide, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in AS smokers did not differ from smokers of all or the majority of the other brands studied
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Retrieved August 18, 2025
