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They excluded studies that only asked about co-occurring use and focused on studies that examined adolescents and young adults who began using ENDS before smoking or without moving on to smoking

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How Long Should You Wait Before Smoking

Subgroup findings Only four single-sex-based animal studies 29,49,51,52 were found analyzing oxidative stress in the lung, of which three studies were conducted in male mice 29,49,51 and one study in female mice 52

There are over Due to the abundance of chemicals, cigarette smoke can affect the lungs in many ways, as the following sections describe