Abstract Background Airway epithelium is the first barrier against environmental insults, and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke (CS) is particularly relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tremors, rapid heartbeat, and, in severe cases, respiratory issues and coma
Because of changes in ICD coding, numerator information has changed over time
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