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Gut dysbiosis and disrupted intestinal barrier function could worsen pulmonary symptoms, augment neurological or hepatic inflammation through translocation of endotoxins and bacteria via portal veins 239,240,241
Bacteria or their components (such as LPS and bacterial DNA) originating from the oral cavity may serve as PAMPs upon migrating to the gut, directly activating inflammasomes in intestinal epithelial cells or immune cells, thereby becoming key ligands for inflammasome activation
Fernndez-ChecaJCColellAGarca-RuizC
(5) These increases were associated with a marked decrease in oxidative stress and improvements in immune function, as indicated by a better oxidized (GSSG) to reduced (GSH) glutathione ratio and increased natural killer cell activity
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