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Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations AA: Alopecia areata AAI: Alopecia areata incognita AA-IGA: AA investigator global assessment AD: Atopic dermatitis ADTA: Acute diffuse and total alopecia AT: Alopecia totalis AU: Alopecia universalis -MSH: -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CI: Contact immunotherapy CNV: Copy number variant CTLA4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 CXCL: Chemokine ligand DPCP: Diphenylcyclopropenone ERK: Extracellular signalregulated kinase GWAS: Genome-wide association studies HF: Hair follicle HLA: Human leukocyte antigen IC: Intralesional corticosteroids IFN: Interferon IL: Interleukin IP: Immune privileged JAK: Janus kinase JAKi: JAK inhibitors MHC: Major histocompatibility complex MICA: MHC class Irelated chain A NK: Natural killer PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell PCT: Pulse corticosteroid therapy PDE: Phosphodiesterase PRP: Platelet-rich plasma RCT: Randomized controlled trial ROS: Reactive oxygen species SADBE: Squaric acid dibutyl ester SALT: Severity of alopecia tool SOD: Superoxide dismutase STATs: Signal transducers and activators of transcription TA: Triamcinolone acetonide TC: Topical corticosteroids TGF: Transforming growth factor TNF: Tumor necrosis factor Tregs: T-regulatory cells TYK2: Tyrosine kinase 2 ULBP: UL16-binding protein VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide References Pratt CH, King LE, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP (2017) Alopecia areata
Data shown are means SD of three independent experiments
Reduced Pigmentation This combination works effectively on dark spots, acne marks, and uneven patches, gradually improving skin clarity
One pilot study evaluated the safety and neuroprotective effects of HG inhalation for ischemic stroke, finding that treatment was not only safe, but that patients who received the therapy showed a reduction in infarction size and improved clinical outcomes compared to the placebo group [40]
