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The mild OS may activate the bladder afferent nerves (188) and stimulate the detrusor muscle cells directly (195), leading to bladder hyperactivity, while severe or prolonged OS can induce detrimental alterations in nerves and the detrusor muscle ultimately resulting in detrusor underactivity (196)
However, understanding that many of these systemic symptoms stem from a physical, repairable breakdown in the gut barrier offers a tangible path forward
Complete blood cell counts remained within normal limits for all samples taken on days 0, 7, and 14, suggesting that topical applications of TCC and zinc oxide did not result in systemic abnormalities
Although the secretory pathway promotes oxidative folding through the oxidoreductase family, a large proportion of glutathione in the ER lumen is found as mixed disulphides with proteins (Bass et al , 2004)