Standard rotation protocol: cycle through 46 sites (lower abdomen quadrants, anterior thighs, deltoid) with minimum 72-hour rest between repeat use of the same site
Preclinical evidence consistently demonstrates its potential to accelerate healing across multiple tissue types through mechanisms involving angiogenesis, growth factor modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects
Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) (CAAE3768820.1.0000.5149)
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10.1089/acm.2006.12.881 Summary Keywords vitamin B12, efficacy, bioavailability, therapeutic approaches, meta-analysis, cobalamin Citation Mazur M, Ndokaj A, Salerno C, Vallone J, Ardan R, Bietolini S, Carrouel F, Wilk A, Sarig R, Ottolenghi L and Bourgeois D (2025) Efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular administration: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis
