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Therefore, AMSCs treatment can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, thereby increasing OXPHOS and restoring mitochondrial function
Unopened vials: Store at controlled room temperature (20-25 degrees C / 68-77 degrees F) Protected from light in original packaging Good until manufacturer-printed expiration date (typically 18-24 months from production) Do not freeze freezing can compromise the glass vial seal and alter preservative distribution After first puncture: Refrigerate at 2-8 degrees C (36-46 degrees F) 28-day use window from first needle puncture per Pfizer/Hospira prescribing information Swab the rubber stopper with 70% isopropyl alcohol before every puncture Label the vial with the first-puncture date Discard after 28 days regardless of remaining volume or visual appearance What shortens the 28-day window: Room-temperature storage after puncture (can reduce effective window to 7-10 days) Excessive puncture count (30+ punctures accelerate preservative depletion) Poor aseptic technique (skipping alcohol swabs introduces surface contamination) Temperature cycling (moving between fridge and room temp repeatedly) For a deep dive on shelf life, degradation signs, and the science behind the 28-day rule, see How Long Does Bac Water Last After Opening
Your responsibility is to understand YOUR body, YOUR goals, and YOUR risk tolerance, and then work with qualified practitioners who understand these compounds at a mechanistic level
The fully reacted chelates are better absorbed and more expensive than other forms and thus, are at risk for substitution with lower quality material, such as magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate, simply blended with glycine
