Another potential mechanism suggested by experimental research is the potential GHK-Cu action on synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are deemed crucial for extracellular matrix remodeling
All TPP-dependent enzymes contain a highly similar TPP-binding domain and its lack in the TKTL1 encoded protein strongly suggests that it is unlikely that TKTL1 is a TPP-dependent protein capable of catalyzing the transketolase reaction
Kivimaki M, Walker KA, Pentti J, et al
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Dinneny J.R., Long T.A., Wang J.Y., Mace D., Pointer S., Barron C., Brady S.M., Schiefelbein J., Benfey P.N
Their phospholipid bilayer not only enhances solubility but also allows controlled release of nutrients at the cellular level