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Both peptides show strong preclinical evidence for tendon healing, but through different mechanisms

Abbreviations AASA: Aerosol-assisted self-assembly AFM: Atomic force microscopy AKT: Protein kinase B ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BSA: Bovine serum albumin BTB: Blood-tumor barrier BTIC: Brain tumor-initiating cell CAR T cells: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells CD44: Cluster of differentiation 44 cell surface receptor CNS: Central nervous system CTX: Chlorotoxin DDS: Drug delivery system DOX: Doxorubicin DTX: Docetaxel DHE: Dihydroethidium EPR: Enhanced permeability and retention EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFRvIII: Variant III of epidermal growth factor receptor FA: Folic acid FDA: Food and Drug Administration FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate GBC: Glioblastoma GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme GSH: Glutathione GSCs: Glioblastoma stem cells HA: Hyaluronic acid HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration IDH: Isocitrate dehydrogenase IL-13: Interleukin-13 IL13R2: Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 Lf: Lactoferrin LOH 10q: Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10q LRP1: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 MDA: Malondialdehyde MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MGMT: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases MSNs: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles NDDS: Novel drug delivery system NIR: Near-infrared NPs: Nanoparticles OVA: Ovalbumin PARP: PolyADP-ribose polymerase PDT: Photodynamic therapy PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1 PET: Positron Emission Tomography PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PEG: Polyethylene glycol PTT: Photothermal therapy PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog PTX: Paclitaxel RAF: Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma RAS: Rat sarcoma ROS: Reactive oxygen species rrGBM: Radiotherapy-resistant glioblastoma SERT: Sensitizer enhancement ratio SEM: Scanning electron microscopy SOD: Superoxide dismutase SR: Scavenger receptor SDT: Sonodynamic therapy SPECT: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas Program TEOS: Tetraethyl orthosilicate TEM: Transmission electron microscopy TME: Tumor microenvironment TMZ: Temozolomide TP53: Tumor protein p53 Tf: Transferrin USLP: Ultrasmall large pore silica nanoparticles VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor VPA: Valproic acid VM: Vasculogenic mimicry WHO: World Health Organization References Abdel-Maksoud YT, Abdelhaseb AH, Abdo AA-E et al (2025) Responsive mesoporous silica nanocarriers in glioma therapy: a step forward in overcoming biological barriers

Copper at systemic injectable doses raises legitimate questions about copper homeostasis, hepatic load, and interaction with conditions like Wilsons disease