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Singly-housed rodents may have increased adiposity 101 and, moreover, singly-housed mice in standard caging can engage in coprophagy of their own feces that may impact their cecal microbiome 102

This could be due to chronic absorption issues or ongoing neurological problems

Cecal samples Cecal weight was measured since the weight of this portion of the intestine appears to be highly influenced by the microbiome (e.g., certain antibiotic treatments dramatically increase cecal weight 27,28,29,30,31 but not the colon 27 )

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The bacteriostatic water preservative prevents bacterial growth but does not prevent peptide degradation over time