Priming signals and cytokine milieu Neutrophil activation in PCOS unfolds within a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment characterized by elevated concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), and interleukin-1 (IL-1)cytokines that collectively orchestrate neutrophil recruitment, priming, and effector activation [8]
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To view a copy of this license, visit About this article Cite this article Polacchini, A., Metelli, G., Francavilla, R
N Engl J Med 2014;370:322-33
Declaration of competing interest The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare